This paper reviewed the causes of food safety problems in China and the foodborne diseases caused by the microbial, chemical, and physical hazards of food. The main causes of food safety problems were illegal behaviors of operators, counterfeit, and imperfection of laws and management. Based on the situation of supervision and management of food safety in China, the main problems during supervision were analyzed. The overall design of food safety system was put forward to reinforce the food safety supervision in China.