一种广谱氨肽酶的鉴定及其在牡蛎蛋白质高效水解中的应用
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Identification of A Broad-Spectrum Aminopeptidase and Its Application in Efficient Hydrolysis of Oyster Proteins
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    摘要:

    不同来源蛋白质的氨基酸组成差异显著,开发具有广泛底物谱的氨肽酶可有效支撑蛋白质的高效定向水解。针对现有氨肽酶底物谱窄的问题,从抗辐射不动杆菌(Acinetobacter radioresistens a2)中筛选鉴定了一个新型氨肽酶基因APs(Ar)-3,利用大肠杆菌对其进行异源表达,鉴定了其酶学性质,并将其应用于牡蛎蛋白质的水解。结果显示:APs(Ar)-3底物谱广泛,对Ala-pNA和Arg-pNA展现出突出的催化活性,同时兼具Met、Leu等疏水性氨基酸的水解能力;最适反应温度45℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,并在温度低于45℃及pH值为6.0~8.0的条件下具有良好的稳定性;0.1mmol/L Co2+可显著激活APs(Ar)-3的水解酶活性,Zn2+、Cu2+则对该酶具有抑制作用;在对牡蛎蛋白质的酶解中,APs(Ar)-3与菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶协同水解度达57.86%和57.61%,较商品氨肽酶分别提升了17.2%和10.69%;同时,APs(Ar)-3的添加提高了牡蛎蛋白质酶解液的鲜味值并降低了其苦味和涩味。研究旨在为蛋白质酶解液的制备提供一种具有广泛底物谱的高效氨肽酶,为蛋白质定向水解及牡蛎资源高值化开发和应用提供理论参考与技术支撑。

    Abstract:

    Given the significant differences in amino acid composition among proteins from various sources, the development of aminopeptidases with broad substrate spectrum can effectively support the efficient and directional hydrolysis of proteins. To overcome the narrow substrate spectrum of existing aminopeptidases, a novel aminopeptidase gene APs(Ar)-3 was screened and identified from Acinetobacter radioresistens a2, which was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Enzymatic properties of APs(Ar)-3 were identified, and it was applied to the hydrolysis of oyster proteins. The results showed that APs(Ar)-3 exhibited a broad substrate spectrum, displaying prominent catalytic activity towards Ala-pNA and Arg-pNA, and was also capable of hydrolyzing hydrophobic amino acids such as Met and Leu. The optimal reaction temperature was 45℃, and the optimal reaction pH was 7.0. The enzyme maintained good stability at temperatures below 45℃ and within the pH range of 6.0-8.0. Co2+ at 0.1mmol/L could significantly activate the aminopeptidase activity of APs(Ar)-3, while Zn2+ and Cu2+ had inhibitory effects on the enzyme. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of oyster proteins, the degree of hydrolysis achieved by the synergistic action of APs(Ar)-3 with bromelain and trypsin were 57.86% and 57.61%, respectively, which were 17.2% and 10.69% higher than those of commercial aminopeptidases. Moreover, the addition of APs(Ar)-3 increased the umami taste value of the oyster protein hydrolysate and reduced its bitterness and astringency. This study aimed to provide an efficient aminopeptidase with a broad substrate spectrum for the preparation of protein hydrolysates, and offer theoretical reference and technical support for the directional hydrolysis of proteins and the high-value development and application of oyster resources.

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普佳妮,崔雨珊,张铭月,李影,孙建安,毛相朝,董浩.一种广谱氨肽酶的鉴定及其在牡蛎蛋白质高效水解中的应用[J].食品科学技术学报,2026,44(2):110-121, 134.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-04-14
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