Curcumin (Cur) exhibits various biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its low bioaccessibility and poor water solubility have limited its application in the food industry. Encapsulation technology using biomolecules can effectively enhance curcumin's bioavailability. By utilizing the solubility characteristics of Cur and the self-assembly properties of walnut peptides, the solution pH was adjusted to 10,11, and 12 to induce walnut peptide self-assembly while encapsulating Cur, and stable walnut self-assembled peptide-curcumin (WBPs-Cur) nanocomposites were formed. Results showed that under the set pH conditions, the encapsulation rate of Cur by WBPs exceeded 80%. After encapsulation, Cur particle size increased, the absolute value of the potential exceeded 30mV, and Cur exhibited good stability. It was determined that Cur was encapsulated within WBPs via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The DPPH, ABTS⁺, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of the WBPs-Cur composite nanoparticles(2mg/mL) were (79.95±0.36)%, (77.81±2.14)%, and (78.00±4.39)%, respectively, demonstrating that encapsulating Cur with WBPs enhanced its antioxidant activity. Additionally, the WBPs-Cur composite nanoparticles exhibited good storage and thermal stability. In simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the bioaccessibility of encapsulated Cur was nearly doubled compared with free Cur, reaching 71.3%-74.6%. Therefore, WBPs could serve as an effective delivery carrier for hydrophobic Cur, improving its stability and bioaccessibility. 〖