Based on the effective alleviating effect of mung bean on hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet induced obese mice, the potential mechanism in improving hepatic steatosis through transcriptome was explored. The results showed that mung bean significantly improved the liver gene expression map of obese mice. Compared with those in the control group, 306 and 461 differentially expressed genes were significantly up-regulated, 596 and 1132 genes were significantly down-regulated after whole or decorticated mung bean intervention, respectively. KEGG functional annotation analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes caused by mung bean intervention were significantly annotated to the pathways related to lipid metabolism. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that mung bean intervention had a functional transformation characterized by the activation of NOD-like receptor signal pathway and Toll-like receptor signal pathway. Among them, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was the most significantly enriched signaling pathway, involving 12 significantly down-regulated differentially expressed genes to feed back the regulatory effect of mung bean on hepatic steatosis in mice. After the intervention of mung bean, the significant decrease of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and mRNA expression level of TNF-α in the liver also supported the results of transcriptomes sequencing. In conclusion, this study laid a data foundation for understanding the mechanism of mung bean in alleviating hepatic steatosis, which might be helpful to the development and application of mung bean-based functional food.