China is a large agricultural country, and there are a huge amount of the by-products of agricultural products and food industry. In order to promote sustainable development, the resource utilization of these by-products has attracted more and more attention, and the in-depth development and utilization of many by-products have made considerable progress in research and practice, showing good development prospects. The by-products from six major food processing industries, including wheat, soy products, oil, sericulture, pomegranate, and grapes were exampled. And the resource utilization status of food industry wastes such as wheat bran, wheat middlings, soybean dregs, soybean cakes, soybean hulls, lecithin gum, deodorizer distillate, silkworm pupa protein, silkworm pupa oil, pomegranate peel, pomegranate seeds, grape skins, and grape seeds in China were systemically illustrated. Based on the previous work of the author’s research team, this paper introduced the utilization of yellow serofluid made from soy product by-products, the development of polyphenols extracts from pomegranate peel and seed, pomegranate seed oil and grape seed oil with lipid-lowering function, the development and utilization of silkworm pupa protein, active peptides, silkworm pupa oil, silkworm chrysalis chitin and other by-products. It was expected to provide reference for the in-depth development and high-value utilization of by-products of China's food industry.