Based on the preliminary results of the untargeted metabonomics in Monascus purpureus, differential metabolites such as arginine, L-malic acid, D-glucose, niacinamide, α-oxoglutaric acid, phenylalanine, lysine, thiamine pyrophosphate,flavin mononucleotide and L-lactic acid were added to the original nutrients, respectively. The yields of Monascus pigment and Monacolin K at 8th and 15th day were detected. The results showed that the addition of arginine, phenylalanine, lysine and flavin mononucleotide promoted the production of Monacolin K. It was speculated that the addition of amino acids could promote the yield of Monacolin K. Among them, the Monacolin K yield after arginine addition was 2.2 to 3.7 times of the control group. The production of Monacolin K was changed with the different addition of niacinamide. The lower level of niacinamide had a promoting effect, while higher level showed an inhibitory effect. Lysine, phenylalanine and flavin mononucleotide had a better effect on the enhancement of Monascus pigment, and flavin mononucleotide increased the yield to 1.5-3.0 times of the control group.