The traditional cheeses of Russia has a long history and unique craftsmanship. In this study, 454 pyrosequencing technology was applied to analyze the bacterial diversity in 6 traditional cheese samples from Russia Republic of Kalmykia. The results showed that a total of 50 genera, belonging to 7 phyla, were identified in 6 samples. Lactococcus and Streptococcus were the dominant genera in the samples, while the Citrobacter and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in R5 samples. Content of harmful microbe such as Vagococcus and Klebsiella were low in individual samples. The results of PCoA showed that the similar bacterial composition of R1, R2, R3, and R4 samples from similar region, while the research also made it known that the bacterial flora in cheese samples may be stratified by geographic region.