The current situation of light and food industry in China was reviewed in this paper. The economic environment at home and broad affecting the development of light and food industry was analyzed in detail. The problems were posed such as low capability of conversion and appreciation, low-level technology of the overall industry, low level of equipment, small scale of enterprise, and low industry concentration. The measures to solve the problems were put forward that implementing technology of energy-saving and exhaust-reducing, achieving the efficient and high-value utilization of the bioresources, emphasizing the education of scientific talent, and enlarging the input of the talent education of light and food industry.