Abstract:Food safety involves quality of life and health of people. It is of great importance to strengthen food safety detection. Detection of food additives is an important part for ensuring food safety. In this article, application of modern analytical techniques in detection of food additives was reviewed, including the latest development of sample preparation and measuring method.

Abstract:Mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFT), ochratoxin (OT), fumonisin (F), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON) and patulin (PAT) frequently contaminating agricultural products and feed were summarized. And then the influences of mycotoxin contaminants on human health and animal production were expatiated.

Abstract:Mycotoxin contamination is a worldwide concern of food safety. This article reviews the history of food safety accidents caused by mycotoxin contamination, and the threats of mycotoxin contamination to human health. Popular technologies and methodologies used to prevent and remove mycotoxin are also reviewed. It is suggested that food industry should give priority to mycotoxin prevention contamination through the entire process of food supply chain.

Abstract:Some classic mycotoxin detection techniques were reviewed in this paper. The latest development in detection technologies was briefly introduced. And the development trend of mycotoxins detection technology, was summerized.

Abstract:In this study, the microbial diversity of metagenomics in naturally fermented yak milk(kurut) were investigated using barcoded pyrosequencing. A total of 3051 unique V3 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene of bacterium and 3396 unique ITS variable regions of fungi were analyzed from two kurut samples. The results indicated that the abundance of fungi was higher than bacteria in the kurut samples. The Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the most abundant bacteria and fungi phyla in kurut samples. At genus levels, the bacteria of kurut were largely composed of the Lactobacillus while Galactomyces was the dominant genus within the fungus of kurut.

Abstract:As a long shelf life liquid milk, ultra high temperature sterilized (UHT) milk has become an important part of people's diet with high quality and convenience. However, the physico-chemical changes often lead to aggregation or sedimentation of milk which affect the quality of UHT milk during storage. In this study, close attention was paid to the reactions occurred in UHT milk during 120d of storage at 7, 25 and 37℃. The UHT milk was produced by the pilot equipment and packed in PET bottle. The overall milk physico-chemical changes revealed the development of the Maillard reaction and proteolysis and lipid oxidation reaction. These reactions resulted in the reduction of pH value, colloidal casein particle size and the ionized calcium content, but the increase of the b* value, the degree of milk protein hydrolysis and the level of lipid oxidation reaction for UHT milk during storage. After the end of the storage test, the color of UHT milk at 37℃ changed significantly. However, fat floating and protein precipitation did not appear in all UHT milk samples.

Abstract:The by-products of citrus fruits processing can be up to 50% of the fruit, which containing a lot of sugar that could be used to prepare molasses and be further fermented into alcohol. The conditions of producing malasses and alcohol were optimized. The amount of quicklime to extract syrup for preparing molasses from citrus processed residues was 0.3%. Molasses with 40% total soluble solid (TSS) was prepared in this study that contained 34% total sugar. The main factors affecting fermentation of the molasses including pH, sugar level, inoculums size of yeast and temperature were studied by means of single factor test, and then an orthogonal test was conducted to optimize the conditions. Optimal fermentation conditions to produce ethanol from molasses were as follows, initial pH 5.0, initial sugar level 25%, inoculums size 3×107/mL, fermentation temperature 30℃ and standing fermentation. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, a level 10.6% of alcohol was obtained. The results indicated that it's feasible to produce fuel alcohol by using molasses extracting from citrus residues.

Abstract:The effect of solvent and pH on the contents of extractable polyphenols (EPP) and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) of blueberries was investigated in this paper. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols was also determined by DPPH system. The results showed that the solvent containing methanol, ethanol and acetone can enhance the EPP contents, especially 50% ethanol. The NEPP contents isolated by the hydrolysis of sulfuric acid were much higher than that of EPP. There is a good correlation between the antioxidant activity and the EPP content. The yield of EPP increased with the decreasing of pH.

Abstract:Aspergillus oryzae is the key organism in production of traditional soy sauce. The research of Aspergillus oryzae breeding included the strain breeding of high productivity of protease, enzyme characteristic, and conditions of enzymes producing, focusing on the strains of high productivity of protease. Though these studies have shown that the strain performance was improved comparing the original strain, the research was still limited to laboratory theoretical analysis. The application of Aspergillus oryzae in industrial production of soy sauce need further exploration.

Abstract:The volatile components of China-Hemp leaves were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) apparatus with three different fibers(divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane DVB/CAR/PDMS, carboxen/polydimetylsiloxane CAR/PDMS, polydimetylsiloxane/divinylbenzene PDMS/DVB). The results showed that the fiber of CAR/PDMS had the best extraction efficiency. A total of 59 compounds were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The volatile components were accounted for 93.18% in total, including 3 aldehydes(0.71%), 1 alcohol(0.06%), 37 hydrocarbons(57.23%) 3 heterocyclic compounds(0.19%), 12 terpenoids(34.49%) and 8 other compounds(25.64%). The prominent compounds were ［1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)］-4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylene-bicyclo［7.2.0］undec-4-ene(18.81%), (1α,3α,5α)-1,5-Diethenyl-3-methyl-2-methylene-cyclohexane(18.18%), α-Caryophyllene(11.52%), (3R-trans)-3-Methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene(6.78%) etc.

Abstract:The structure of florfenicol was transformed to prepare the hapten antigen and antigen, the polyclonal antibody was obtained by immunized rabbit.The determination of the antibody showed high sensitivity and have reactions on florfenicol and florfenicol amine, the titer was 1∶480000. On this basis, the indirect competitive ELISA method was established through the optimization of the parameters.The detection limit of the established ELISA method was 0.5μg/kg, the sample recovery was 82.5% to 96.0% by 20,50μg / kg addition to the blank experiment, and the inter-assay coefficient ranged from 4.1% to 15.2%. The method could be used for preliminary detection of florfenicol residues in animal tissue samples。

Abstract:Metabolites of Streptomyces sp. TD-1 were reported with obvious inhibiting effects to Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium verrucosum, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium solani and Penicillum citrinum with the size of inhibition zone of about 10 mm. The metabolic chart of growth process of TD-1 strain showed that the growth amounted to the maximum, and the inhibition rates reached to 90% at the 6th day. Stability test showed that the antimicrobial compounds produced by TD-1 strain had good thermo and pH stability, and strong anti-UV ability.

Abstract:The solubilities of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in short-chain alcohols, including methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and normal butanol,which were determined by equilibrium method in the temperature of 0-55℃. The results show that solubilties in short-chain alcohol with trace water and trace calcium are higher than those in pure short chain alcohol. Besides, the effects of trace water and trace calcium chloride on the solubility were studied in order to close to the solvent system in industry. The solubilities obtained were correlated with the mathematic model of empirical polynomial equation and the semiempirical equation. Using these two equations, the calculated solubilities are in great agreement with the experimental data, and the correlation results of polynomial equation are better than those of semiempirical equation. The solubility data and their correlation equations obtained in this study provide valuable data for the recovering and purifying oxytetracycline hydrochloride.

Abstract:The key of packaging and packing was the regular arrangement of the pincushion bag. According to to analysis of the physical characteristics and the craft characteristics of the regular arrangement of the pincushion bag, the scalability finishing bag mechanism was designed, The composition and principle of several main mechanisms was analysed comprehensively, such as the key conveyor belt, belt rectification, scalability orientation, scalability driving, etc. According to analysis of the linear velocity of the conveyor belt and the driving conveyor belt scalability when working, the related parameters of the linear velocity of the scalability conveyor belt and the driving conveyor belt scalability was calculated.

Abstract:The food safety surveillance architecture based on cloud computing was constructed from the view of food safety supervision system. By analyzing the food safety risk factors and the possibility, the food risk evaluation model was established. An effective food safety surveillance mechanism was formed based on analysis of this model to reduce the probability of food safety accidents occurrence.

Abstract:Whether farmers' behavior of using pesticides reasonable or not directly determines the level of quality and safety of agricultural products. The farmers' behavior of using pesticides was analyzed, and the quantitative analysis of the factors influencing the farmers' behavior was conducted by using the survey data obtained in export-oriented vegetable region. The results indicated that farmer characteristics (such as age, education and whether plan to expand planting acreage), the environment for agricultural production, and farmer's enthusiasm for production have significant effects on farmers' behavior of using pesticides. On this basis, the suggestions were proposed, such as strengthening the propaganda of the pesticide safety use, improving farmers' safety awareness, intensifying guidance and training for farmers, and accelerating the development of rural specialized cooperative economic organizations.