With the rapid development of “plant protein-based food” in recent years, the efficient utilization of plant protein resources has become the focus of global food industry. In this paper, the different causes of the rapid development of plant-based food in domestic and overseas are analyzed.In comparison with that in foreign countries, the substitutes of milk and meat based on plant protein had a long history in China. Various plant milks, especially soymilk, had developed rapidly and owned a stable market. There were also some plant milk brands with special Chinese characteristics. While the research of meat substitute was mostly focused on fiber textural protein/tissue protein which were used to develop minced meat and dishes, the industry scales of snack food such as vegetarian meat and hot strip were constantly increasing. However, in foreign countries, the mainly utilized plant proteins were isolated from oats and mixed beans. The ways of utilization focused on the substitution of western-style meat products, such as burgers, sausages and fried chicken. Based on the comparing present utilization of plant protein in domestic and overseas, it was put forward that the existing technologies in China should be fully use to improve the utilization level of traditional foods, to achieve the goals of convenience and deliciousness intake of plant protein and to realize the intelligence of manufacturing technology. Both the meat-like plant protein products and the varieties with the unique flavor of plant protein should be developed. It was necessary to creat plant-based meat products with high added value, high nutrition and high efficiency.