Nanocomposites based on marine polymers are a new type of functional ingredients loading system. The most widely used three delivery methods of drug and functional ingredients in clinical practice were oral, transdermal and injection. However, due to many problems such as poor body sensation, low drug delivery, side effects and loss of active ingredient activity, people gradually chose a delivery method that could improve medical care, health and meet good comfort. The combination of oral and nanocomposites based on marine polymers carriers enabled efficient delivery of functional components such as anticancer drugs, nutrients, probiotics, vaccines, etc, greatly improving the overall bioavailability of the above components. This paper might provide references for the development of marine multi-functional ingredients delivery systems via describing the preparation of nanocarriers, the loading of functional ingredients and their absorption mechanisms.