The familiarity of aromatic wine descriptors was investigated for Chinese residents, with 498 healthy respondents. The respondents were aged 20-47 years and included 271 females and 227 males from 25 provinces and with different food taste preferences. Some 76 odors related to aromatic descriptors were selected from “Le Nez du Vin” and sorted into different categories. The respondents were required to recognize each odour after a quick olfactory identification test. A five-point structured scale, labelled from “extremely unfamiliar” to “extremely familiar”, was used to determine overall familiarity. Statistical analysis showed that the recognition of different categories of aromatic characteristics was different, familiarity with Fruity and Vegetative types being higher than others. Data showed that females had significantly higher familiarity scores than males. In addition, there were differences among people with distinct preferences for food tastes.