Four protein fractions (albumin, globulin, prolamine and glutelin) were fractionated from peanut meal and their surface structures were observed using scanning electron microscope. The result showed that the optimum extraction condition for albumin was temperature 50℃, extraction time 12min, and the ratio of material to solvent 1∶12. The extraction yield and purity of albumin was 53.59% and 72.14%. The optimum extraction condition of globulin was temperature 50℃, concentration of NaCl is 0.4g/L, and the ratio of material to solvent 1∶10. The extraction yield and purity of globulin were 9.03% and 73.20%. The optimum extraction condition of prolamine was concentration of ethanol 70%, extraction time 12min, and the ratio of material to solvent 1∶6. The extraction yield and purity of prolamine were 8.62% and 64.28%. The optimum extraction condition of glutelin was extraction temperature 45℃, extraction time 15min, pH 8, and the ratio of material to solvent 1∶10. The extraction yield and purity of glutelin were 4.85% and 68.79%. The result of scanning electron microscope showed that the surface of the four protein fractions was different.