Edible oil is frequently subjected to adulterations with cheaper oils due to economic interests. It is not only a commercial fraud disrupting the market order, but can also be a threat to human health. Thus, to establish the efficient methods to identify the adulteration of edible oils is effective technical support for strengthen the government supervision. In this paper, the progress of the authentication method of edible oil was reviewed from physical and chemical compositions, molecular biology, and intelligent sensory bionics aspects and a clear instruction for researching of edible oil identification was proposed.