The development and application of food safety traceability aspects in domestic and abroad were introduced in this paper. The system components and working principles of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology were presented. The RFID and 2D bar code were compared from the technical performance. The typical application of RFID technology in tracking and traceability of food safety information, quality control, production process optimization and other aspects was analyzed. The key technologies and major problems of food safety and traceability were proposed according to the actual applications situation of RFID.