The principles and development of near infrared spectroscopy technology were introduced in this paper. The near infrared spectroscopy technology was used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of pesticide residues in vegetable. The spinach was chosen as the representation of leafy vegetables, and the regression model was developed by using partial least squares regression. The results showed that the predictive value of the calibration model was reliable, but the universality of the model still needs improving. Also, the research prospects of pesticide residues detection based on the multi-information fusion technology were discussed.