On-road tests of three rural vehicles were conducted using SEMTECH-DS. The speed and instantaneous emission concentration data of CO2, CO, NOx and HC were recorded, and the fuel consumption factors were calculated based on carbon balance principle, the average fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 2.84L and the average fuel-based emission factors of the CO2, CO, NOx and HC are 3022.7g?kg-1, 127.58g?kg-1, 58.05g?kg-1 and 11.35g?kg-1 for the tested rural vehicles, respectively. The relationship between the driving cycle and fuel consumption were analyzed based on the testing data, The results show that, the fuel consumption rate increases with the increase in speed and acceleration; the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers decreases with the increase in speed and increases with the increase in acceleration; the fuel consumption rate and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers are the highest at the acceleration mode, then the cruise mode; in addition, the fuel consumption rate shows a very good correlation with VSP.