Abstract:China's infant formula milk powder market has the greatest potential over the world. The “melamine scandal” made a deadly blow to Chinese consumer confidence. This review first analyses the new policy of infant formula milk powder in China. Recently, the government has issued a series of industry policies of infant formula milk powder, which are called the strictest policy in history. The policies have enforced strict regulations on formula registration, production mode, and traceability system, and so on. The current safety statues of infant formula milk powder in China are introduced. Joint efforts were made by all the industries, and the quality and safety of infant formula milk powder in China has significantly increased. Now, the sampling qualified rate of infant formula milk powder is nearly 100%. Meanwhile, this review indicates that problems such as lack of basic research, over-dependence on import material and equipment, and lack of consumer confidence still exist. At last, suggestions about the development of infant formula milk powder industries were provided. Reinforce of the basic research and improvement of the regulatory system are necessary to improve the quality and reputation of infant formula milk powder industry, which are also the key to restore the consumer confidence.

Abstract:For wheat and its products, quality and safety issues were mainly due to the background pollution, biological contamination, chemical pollution, processing technology, and illegal indiscriminate use of additives. The quality and safety countermeasures of wheat and its products were improving the relevant laws and regulations and standard systems, strengthening supervision, reinforcing environmental survey and governance, guiding farmers standardization production, and developing abatement researches of the contaminated grains.

Abstract:Corn is the world's and China's largest planted and most widely used crop,with the highest yield production among all the crops. According to the harvest parts and uses, corn can be divided into three types, which are grain corn, fresh corn and silage corn. Grain corn is one of the main products in China. This study points out that the main quality and safety problems of grain corn and its products in terms are mycotoxins contamination. Problems of pesticide residue and heavy metal pollution also exist to a certain extent. This study also give the corresponding control measures from the aspects of corn breeding and cultivation, including:1)Breeding new maize cultivars of wide adaptability and resistance, and taking active measures to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 2) Breeding and recommending good maturity and quick dehydration cultivars suitable for grain harvesting, and drying timely and storing standardly. 3) Improving relevant test and standard systems. 4) Comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and pests, and rationally using pesticides, fungicides, herbicides which is mainly through biological control supplemented by chemical control with low toxicity. 5) Strengthening standard farmland construction, and reducing nonpoint source pollution and the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in corn.

Abstract:To explore the distribution of polysaccharides with higher antioxidant activities in lotus root, polysaccharides in edible part, peel, and node (i.e. EP60/75/90, PP60/75/90 and NP60/75/90) were respectively isolated using a precipitation method coupled with gradually increased alcohol concentrations. While the basic components, physicochemical characteristics, and antioxidant activities were further analyzed. Polysaccharides from different parts of lotus root showed obvious differences in composition, and edible part polysaccharides (EPs) had lower purities compared with peel polysaccharides (PPs) and node polysaccharides (NPs). Based on high performance molecular-exclusion chromatography, it was found that lotus root polysaccharides were mainly composed of fractions with low molecular weight (1.30-1.63ku) and less binding protein. The antioxidant evaluations in vitro confirmed that the antioxidant activities of EPs were weaker than those of PPs and NPs, especially DPPH radical scavenging ability and FRAP total antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). The antioxidant activities of PPs could be ordered as PP60>PP75>PP90. Meanwhile, the activities of NP60 and NP90 were matched, which exhibited stronger hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities and weaker FRAP total antioxidant capacities than NP75 (p<0.05). The polysaccharides with higher antioxidant activities mainly exist in the peel and node of lotus root, which might be related to binding protein content and molecular weight.

Abstract:In order to explore the differences of litchi pulp polysaccharide fractions, the content and composition, as well as antioxidant capacities and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of varied litchi pulp polysaccharide fractions were studied. A DEAE-52 anion-exchange column was used to obtain two different litchi pulp polysaccharide fractions, denoted as LPI and LPII. The contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, and protein were analyzed. In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). The p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopy-ranoside method was used to measure the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results showed that LPII contained more neutral sugar and protein than LPI, but less uronic acid. LPII exhibited higher antioxidant activity in ORAC value (30.08μmol/g) and CAA value (8.72μmol/g) that those of LPI (24.51μmol/g and 5.36μmol/g). In addition, the IC₅₀ values of α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.33 and 0.26mg/mL for LPI and LPII. The results demonstrated that bioactivities of litchi pulp polysaccharide fractions were related to its neutral sugar and protein contents.

Abstract:A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GSBa-1 was isolated from sweet Jiuqu. In order to improve the ability of producing a milk-clotting enzyme (MCE) by liquid fermentation of strain GSBa-1, the single factor test and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the composition of the medium used. The single factor experiment was carried out to analyze the influence of different carbon source, nitrogen source, metal salt and phosphorus source on production of MCE by strain GSBa-1. Then the Box-Behnken design based RSM experiment was used to study the optimum combination of three main factors such as the content of maltose, peptone and yeast extract powder in the medium. The optimal medium composition for producing MCE by GSBa-1 was as follows:maltose 1.93g/L, peptone 10.89g/L, and yeast extract powder 2.15g/L. When the optimal culture medium was used, MCE activity was up to (562.57±7.67)Su/mL, which is similar as the theoretical prediction value of 537.10 Su/mL with an average error of 4.53%. After optimization of the medium composition, the MCE activity produced by strain GSBa-1 increased by 1.88 times compared with that of the basal medium.

Abstract:The extraction process of the red pigment from Amaranthus spinosus L was optimized and its antioxidant activities were investigated in in vitro tests. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained by the single factor analysis using the absorbency as an index and its reducing power, and scavenging effect of hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical were studied.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as followed:extraction solvent 20% ethanol, the solid-liquid ratio 1∶30, temperature 40℃, extraction times 2, and extraction time 1h. Reducing power of red pigment was 1/4 of VC, the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH· were 0.44 and 0.14mg/mL. The red pigment from Amaranthus spinosus L. has antioxidant activities, which were dose-depended.

Abstract:The objective of the study was to compare the composition of organic acid and sugar of different mulberry cultivars and to evaluate the sweetness and acidity. The organic acid and sugar compositions of fruits from different 19 mulberry cultivars were analyzed by the HPLC method. The results showed that all cultivars contained citric acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and fumaric acid, while several cultivars had lactic acid and acetic acid.The contents of organic acids ranged from 1687.9-2972.1mg/kg and Yunguo 1 cultivar and Anza 8 cultivar had the highest and lowest organic acids contents. Both fructose and glucose were soluble sugars in the mulberry. The contents of fructose and glucose of the same cultivars almost were equal. The fruit flavor index established by the ratio of sweetness and acidity could better reflect the real flavor of fruits than the sugar-acid ratio. Considering the flavor index of sweetness and acidity, the optimal cultivars were Baiyuwang and Taishen 1.

Abstract:In this study, weightlessness was simulated by -6° head down tilt position. The test of 30d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest was used to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on gut Bifidobacteria. Fourteen health males were subjects, who were divided into the control group and probiotics group. The control group had placebo while the probiotics group had the compound probiotics on the fifth day. The results showed that Bifidobacteria amounts significantly (p<0.05) decreased during the initial period while the compound probiotics could significantly (p<0.05) increased the Bifidobacteria amounts compared with the control group. Compound probiotics could increase the Bifidobacteria amounts to inhibit the microflora dysbiosis induced by simulated weightlessness.

Abstract:This study summarized the development of the major of food science in international and Chinese universities based on the Scopus database and Scival statistics tool. The outstanding universities having the major of food science from the 2015 QS World University Rankings of Agriculture and Forestry and 2014 China University Rankings of Food Science and Engineering announced by the China Alumni Association University Rankings were chosen. The development of major of food science was discussed with the guidance of bibliometric to analyse the outputs in publications, citations, and international collaborations. The results showed that Chinese universities should pay more attentions on prompting the academic quality and reputation and publishing papers in the influential journals. The academic leaders should play an important role in the major development and increase the international collaborations to increase the academic impact.

Abstract:Strawberries were treated by ozone water for 3 and 9min, and effects of ozone water on postharvest quality, antioxidant compounds, and related enzymes of strawberry fruit were investigated. Results showed that 9min ozone water treatment increased the firmness of strawberry fruit, soluble solid content, and total acid content. The respiration of strawberry was inhibited by 9min ozone water. In addition, 9min ozone water treatment increased the catalase (CAT) activity , peroxidase (POD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging ability of fruit. The shelf life was extended by ozone water treatment.

Abstract:To investigate the pollution of organophosphorus pesticides in fresh tea leaves, a simple and rapid analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of seven organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, malathion, fenitrothion, and triazophos) in fresh tea leaves by ultrasound assisted extraction and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) coupled with gas chromatography. The samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetonitrile (containing 1% acetic acid). Subsequently, the extract was cleaned-up by using primary secondary amine, octadecylsilane bonded silica and graphitized carbon black as adsorbents according to the method of DSPE. Then, the residues were determined by a heated DB-1701 capillary column with flame photometric detector, and quantified using the matrix-matched external standard method. Good linearities between concentrations and peak areas were achieved in the concentration range of 0.01-4.00mg·L-1 for target pesticides, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998. The average recoveries of target pesticides in fresh tea leaves were 77.7%-98.2% with relative standard deviations (n=5) ranging from 2.4% to 8.7%. The limits of detection for target organophosphorus pesticides were 0.0034-0.0136mg·kg-1 and the limits of quantification were 0.012-0.046mg·kg-1. The method was simple, accurate, solvent saving and without special instrument making it suitable for simultaneous determination of seven organophosphorus pesticides in fresh tea leaves.

Abstract:Flash extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and ultra-high pressure extraction technology were used to extract cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris residue medium. The extracting solution was filtered with ceramic membrane and cordycepin was separated and prepared by using high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The product structure was identified by LC-MS/MS. Antitumor activity of cordycepin was tested in mice S180 tumor. The results showed that ultra-high pressure extraction technology was better for cordycepin extraction. Combining a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (2∶3∶5,V/V/V) with high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), the cordycepin was purified at 28℃ with flow rate of 3.0mL/min and revolution speed was 900r/min, while the upper phase was stationary phase and the lower phase was mobile phase. Cordycepin identified was identified by LC-MS/MS and the purity of cordycepin was 97.6%. About 181.90mg of cordycepin was obtained from 100g of Cordyceps militaris residue medium. The inhibition rate of cordycepin was 64.48% at doses of 100mg in vitro test.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the astringency quality of dry red wine, nine kinds of red wines with different tannin contents from eastern Helan Mountain were collected. The polyphenols and tannin contents of sample wines were detected. The sensory qualities of astringency of sample wines were quantified by trained tasting panelists. Based on the principle of the reaction of saliva albumen and wine tannin, the ovalbumin model solution (0-8.0g/L) was added to the wine, and the absorbance at 280nm of each supernatant was measured. The results showed that the dry astringency positively correlated with puckery astringency, which positively correlated with polyphenols, tannin, and the a values (decline rate of A₂₈₀). The velvety astringency was negatively correlative with bitter, and they weren't correlative with dry and puckery astringency, polyphenols, tannin and the a values. Velvety astringency maybe correlative with appropriate oak ageing. The main sources of dry and puckery astringency of dry red wine were polyphenols and tannin. The method predicting wine astringency based on the albumen precipitate has the limitation. Velvety astringency maybe from the soften process of tannin during the appropriate ageing treatment.

Abstract:One kind of healthy beverage was researched using the sericin and wolfberry extracts as materials. Through the single factor test and orthogonal test, the optimized recipe was as follows:10% wolfberry extracts, 1% sericin protein, 0.10% citric acid, and 0.050% aspartame. The color of the beverage was bright yellow with fresh scent of wolfberry. The beverage had antibacterial and antioxidant activities and could promote gastrointestinal digestion,which had the development prospect.

Abstract:A method for determination of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol in soy sauce by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)was established. The sample was injected into GC-MS/MS after cleaned and extracted by methanol. The qualitative and quantitative analysis was achieved by EI source, polarity capillary column, and MRM method. The RSD of the method was less than 4% (n=6), and average recovery was more than 80%. The liner range was in 0.05-1μg/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0012μg/mL.