Abstract:Extraction of soybean oil from flaked and extruded soybeans using enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) is a promising alternative to conventional hexane extraction. The present paper focuses on the current situation of biological dissociation technology for soybean around the world. Correlational studies are clarified including improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment, demulsification and development of premium soybean products. Based on the above, important scientific problems and the development trend in EAEP research are put forward, which will provide recommendations for upgrading biological dissociation technology and theoretical basis for achieving biological processing and regulation of premium soybean products in China.

Abstract:Beer industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the alcoholic beverages industries in China. Large enterprises have occupied more than 70% of market share. During the beer production process, the risk factors influencing the product quality and safety according to the material properties can be divided into physical, chemical, and biological factors. Although the food safety problems about beer have no direct threats to the health of consumers, but the consequences of potential hazard factors should not be ignored. Therefore, this review summarizes the main factors affecting beer quality and safety and put forward the corresponding control suggestions.

Abstract:Yellow rice wine, one kind of traditional wine with healthy function, is produced using rice and millet as raw materials and wheat koji and yeast as the fermentation agents. The brewing process includes rice soaking, steaming, primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, wine press, and filtration. With the development of economy, the yellow rice wine consumption market has grown fast and the quality and safety of yellow rice wine has obtained more and more attention. Based on the status quo of yellow wine production, the quality and safety problems and hazardous control technologies were summarized from the following aspects, such as raw materials, koji making, ethyl carbamate, higher alcohols, ranci-dity, precipitation, and packaging materials migration. This review will provide supports for the development of yellow rice wine industry.

Abstract:The correlation of the in vitro antioxidant activity with contents of total phenol and flavonoid in fruit pulp of 24 longan varieties was analyzed. The contents of free and bound phenolics, total flavonoids and total phenol in 24 varieties of longan pulp from Institute of Pomology of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences were investigated. The radical scavenging ability (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and absorptive capacity of oxygen free radicals(ORAC) were determined for evaluating their in vitro antioxidant capacity difference.The total polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC methods were used to determine the antioxidant abilities of phenolic extracts of different longan pulp varieties. Results showed that a significant difference (p<0.01) existed in the capacity of pulp phenolic extracts of different longan varieties and displayed significant genotype differences. The longan varieties with the higher content polyphenol and flavone showed stronger antioxidant activity. The quick clustering method was used to evaluate polyphenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity in 24 varieties of longan pulp, dividing into three group of classes with significant difference. The polyphenols or flavonoids content positively correlated with the ABTS, FRAP , and ORAC analysis while it negatively related with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity (p<0.01). Thus, phenolics and flavonoids exist mainly in the free form in longan pulp. Phenolics of longan pulp had played an important role in antioxidant activity.

Abstract:Two different polar solvents (ethyl acetate and butanol) were used to fractionate polyphenol from aqueous solution of litchi polyphenol extract. The phenolic profiles in each fraction were determined by HPLC, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by cellular antioxidant assay (CAA). The results were as follows, phenolic yields, phenolic and flavonoids contents, the phenolic profiles, and CAA values of the three fractions were significantly different. Phenolic yields in water, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were 36%, 32%, and 16%, respectively. However, water fraction had the lowest total phenolic and flavonoids content. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic content with the middle total flavonoids content and the lowest antioxidant activity. The main phenolic components in ethyl acetate fraction were proanthocyanidins, including procyanidin B2, epicatechin and so on, whereas the main component in butanol fraction was quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnosidase.

Abstract:Drying is commonly used for preservation and deep processing of agricultural byproducts. However, the contents of active substances may be altered during the drying process, resulting in decrease of biological activities. In order to study the effect of power of microwave vacuum drying on phenolic substances in lotus leaf tea, effects of microwave drying under different power (300,0, and 500W), hot air drying, and sun drying on the contents of phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity in lotus leaf tea were investigated. DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to analyze the antioxidant activities. The results showed that the contents of total phenolcis and total flavonoids in lotus leaf tea treated by microwave vacuum drying were 1.79 and 1.76 folds higher than those of traditional hot air drying products. Microwave vacuum drying lotus leaf exhibited higher antioxidant activity in DPPH· scavenging activity (IC₅₀ values 62.52,9.31,3.59μg/mL, respectively) comparing to hot air drying products. In addition, the FRAP value of microwave vacuum drying (500W) samples was 3.18 and 1.82 folds higher than that of sun drying and hot air drying smaples. The Pearson correlation analysis between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds showed that the content of total flavonoids in lotus leaf was significantly correlated with DPPH and FRAP, indicating that the microwave vacuum drying would significantly affect the content of phenolic compounds in lotus leaf, and then enhance its antioxidant activity.

Abstract:The antimicrobial effects of the volatile organic components (VOCs) from Streptomyces alboflavus TD-1 on Botrytis cinerea were tested by two-sealed-base-plates method and illustrated by scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Furthermore, the chemical component of VOCs was analyzed by GC-MS in this study. The results showed that VOCs from S. alboflavus TD-1 grown on autoclaved wheat bran had a certain degree of antifungi activity on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, while the inhibitory ratio reached the strongest with 66.67% after 5 days. The sporulation was significantly inhibited (p<0.01), and morphological abnormalities, rough surface as well as increased cell membrane permeability were observed after 5 days. Additionally, the main chemical components of VOCs were 2-MIB (13.52%) and 1,4-dimethyl adamantine (14.08%). All these results suggest that the VOCs from S. alboflavus TD-1 could be developed into a bio-fumigant.

Abstract:The effect of organic acids on the separation of glycogen and protein in oyster homogenate was investigated in this study. In order to separate glycogen and protein, oyster homogenate was treated by organic acids. After centrifugation, precipitation was rich in protein while the supernatant had higher glycogen. The optimum condition obtained by the single factor test and orthogonal test was as follows:the solid (g)-liquid (mL) ratio of oyster homogenate and acetic acid 1∶3, pH 7.0, extraction temperature 60℃, and time 30min. The mixture was centrifuged at 5000r/min for 10min after the extraction. The protein and glycogen contents in precipitation were 62.1% and 2.21% while the yields of protein and glycogen were 59.6% and 5.5%. The protein and glycogen contents in supernatant were 19.4% and 23.8% while the yields were 29.7% and 93.5%. The results suggest that acetic acid can separate glycogen and protein from oyster homogenate.

Abstract:Amino acid components and nutritional properties of four kinds of plant proteins were analyzed in this study. The protein contents of corn gluten meal, soybean powder, cottonseed protein powder, and peanut meal were 61.60%, 38.18%, 51.49%, and 43.15%. Soybean meal had the balanced amino acids compositions. Essential amino acids contents in cottonseed protein powder and peanut meal were similar to those in soybean flour while the Met contents were lower. Corn gluten meal was rich in Leu, Ile, Val and other branched chain amino acids. However, the Lys and Try contents were remarkably lower than other vegetable proteins. Therefore, according to the characters of amino acid compositions and functional features, a reasonable complement of different proteins could improve the nutritional value.

Abstract:The separation methods of two high pure Sudans by high performance countercurrent chromatography (CCC) were developed. The solvent system composed of hexane:acetonitrile (1∶1, V/V) with the lower phase was the mobile phase at the flow-rate of 45mL/min, and 600mg sudan Ⅱ sample was purified within 40min using the 1000mL column. The results showed that its purity (280nm) was improved from 97.01% to 98.42% with the yield of 90.8%, while its purity at 254nm and 500nm reached 98.01% and 99.79%, respectively. Using the solvent system composed of hexane∶acetonitrile∶ethyl acetate (5∶5∶1, V/V/V) with the lower phase as the mobile phase at the flow-rate of 20mL/min, 900mg Sudan Ⅳ sample was purified through two-steps. As a result, its purity (280nm) could be improved from 84.67%% to 96.6% with the yield of 48.8%, while its purity at 254nm and 500nm could also reach 97.16% and 98.32%, respectively. This method with the characters of high-speed, high-efficiency, and high preparation quality could give supports for the study of high pure Sudans standards.

Abstract:Effects of extraction tea mass concentration on the main chemical components content, reversible sediment amount and irreversible sediment amount of green tea infusion were investigated. The results showed that the solid concentration, contents of main chemical components, and the amount of reversible and irreversible tea sediment all increased with the increasing of tea mass concentration. With the increasing of tea mass concentration, the extracted yield of solids decreased while the solids concentration in green tea infusion and the amount of tea sediment in the same solids concentration increased. Lower tea mass concentration was helpful to obtain the higher yield and less sediment. The tea mass concentration of 0.1g/mL may be the critical point. The higher tea mass concentration inhibited the extraction of solids and easily produced sediment in green tea infusion.

Abstract:Recently peony seed oil was approved as a new food resource, and it was also listed in the inventory of ingredients to be used for producing cosmetics. Since then the peony seed oil has entered into a rapid development period. The oil content in the peony seeds is approximate 25%, and unsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acids is over 90%, in which α-linolenic acid is about 40%. Peony seed oil is rich in nutrition, which is beneficial to human health. Extraction methods for peony seed oil and factors affecting its stability are also reviewed and summarized in order to provide supports for its further application.

Abstract:The anaerobic phosphorus removal process was studied by phosphorus removing bacteria for mimic food fermentation wastewater. The sludge was acclimation by adding phosphate reducing bacteria in the anaerobic reactor. The optimum conditions of the phosphorus removal process were determined by the orthogonal and single factor test. Experimental results indicated that the adding phosphate reducing bacteria was a good biochemical and phosphorus removal performance after 12 cycles acclimation. The reactor effluent CODCr and total phosphorus concentrations were 319.60mg/L and 13.58mg/L and the corresponding removal rates were 69.43% and 20.95%. The optimum conditions of anaerobic phosphorus removal process were culture temperature of 30℃, pH of 7, nitrogen source of peptone + NH₄Cl + NaNO₃. Under the optimum conditions, the total phosphorus removal rate was 37.96%, and the rate between the resulting PH₃ and the total phosphorus removal content was 24.61%.

Abstract:In order to predict the problems of food safety in time and reduce the food safety risks, this study analyzed and established the risk factors system of food safety in three layers. The cloud model was used to eliminate the fuzziness and randomness in the process of food safety risk assessment and determinate the index weight set by using analytic hierarchy process. Moreover, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to calculate the risk level results to realize the risk assessment of the object.