Abstract:Resistant starch is a new type of dietary fiber with various healthy functions. Resistant starch has similar processing characteristics as normal starch, and is suitable for developing many kinds of dietary fiber enriched functional foods. Many efforts have focused on the resistant starch and its application in the food industry around the world. This review introduces the classification of resistant starch, and its biological effects on sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, weight control, prebiotics, and colon cancer prevention, as well as its application in bread and cakes, fried food, noodles, and probiotics food in food processing industry.

Abstract:The seaweed food industry of China possesses an important role in the world, and the quality and safety of seaweed food products have been greatly improved in China. However, there are still some problems to be addressed, such as heavy metal hazards and pesticide residues, due to differences in the laws, regulations and standards between China and importing countries. The current scale of seaweed food industry in China was described in this study, and the reasons of the seaweed food issues were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to further improve the quality and safety of seaweed food, which will ensure the sustainable development of seaweed industry of China.

Abstract:In recent years, the hazard of heavy metals and toxins in shellfish gets increasing attentions due to the environmental pollution. In this paper, control and reducing techniques of heavy metals and toxins in shellfish were summarized, and the problems remained for further studies were indicated. Based on these, the trend for the development of new strategies in the future was also proposed.

Abstract:Effects of Aureofuscin on postharvest fruit quality during storage was investigated and a promising antifungal agent to be used industrially as a food preservative was developed. Dong Jujube was treated with Aureofuscin (1.0g/L) and Natamycin(1.0g/L) and then stored at 4℃. Quality and metabolizing enzymes were detected. Results showed that Aureofuscin could inhibit the increase of malonaldehyde (MDA) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities and decrease of the solid content and Vc content, and increase the phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) activity, compared with Natamycin. The results showed that Aureofuscin was effective in controlling postharvest decay of Dong jujube without damage of fruit quality.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the antifungal activity of oligochitosan on pathogen growth and mycotoxin production in a comprehensive way, effects of oligochitosan on the growth of Penicillium expansum and the production of patulin were investigated at different temperatures by static and shaking cultivation cultured in liquid medium. The results showed that oligochitosan with concentration of 5,0g/L had the obvious promoting effect on the growth of Penicillium expansum, but the inhibitory effect on the production of patulin. The same concentration oligochitosan inhibited the production of patulin, but had different effects on the growth of Penicillium expansum at 4,6℃, and 25℃. The highest and lowest ratios of patulin and P. expansum (mg:g) were obtained at 16,5℃. This study indicated that application of oligochitosan for postharvest disease should take into account the effect of storage temperature and the production of patulin in order to obtain the antifungal effect and food safety.

Abstract:The effects of individual treatments with gas impingement on fruit quality and reactive oxygen species metabolism of strawberries were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and path analysis (PA). One-way analysis of variance showed that ozone significantly inhibited the strawberry fruit rot index and respiration intensity at room temperature, while suppressed decay index as well as the methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA)content during storage at 1℃. Nitrogen inhibited the decay index and MDA content of strawberries stored at 20℃.It was supported by PCA results which concluded that the ozone treatment was helpful for strawberries storage. PLSR indicated that decay index was positively correlated with respiration intensity, anthocyanins, LOX, and SOD activity, but negatively correlated with CAT, radical scavenging ability of hydroxyl, and ultra oxygen anion. Hydrogen peroxide was positively correlated with POD and PPO. It was showed by PA that respiratory intensity, DPPH radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and APX were all direct factors for strawberry decay index, while total phenol, reducing power and PPO had negative indirect effects on decay index. GSH, SOD and POD directly impacted hydrogen peroxide of strawberry fruits, but PPO, APX, DPPH radical scavenging ability, and ultra oxygen anion removal ability were indirect factors of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract:Wistar rats were fed with high fat diet to induce the diet-induced obesity model (DIO), and then gavaged with grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) of different doses. Culture-independent methods such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) were applied, coupled with multivariate analysis, to explore the effect of GSP on the microbiota of DIO rats. Results showed that GSP treatment (100mg/(kg·bw·d)) could inhibit high-fat induced obesity, and its gut microbiota profile was separated from that of the model group. Results also suggested that GSP-treated groups had the lower Firmicutes content and higher Bacteroidetes content and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increased in this group. Real-time-PCR results indicated that GSP promoted the proliferation of Bacteriodes spp. and inhibited that of Clostridium leptum. The key genera the GSP might have an effect on were as follows:Blautia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Anaerostipes, Clostridium, Anaerofilum.

Abstract:Changes of acidity, viscosity, syneresis rate, and after-acid capacity of Propionibacterium freudenreichii fermented yogurt during the fermentation and the storage period were researched in this study. The results showed that the fermentation period was about 24h and the yogurt had the lower viscosity, higher syneresis rate, and higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content (119.16mg/L). After stored at 4℃ for 20 days, the acidity of yogurt increased about 6°T and the weak after-acid capacity of yogurt was benefit to the storage of yogurt. After storage, the CLA content of yogurt was about 117.37mg/L. However, the long fermentation period and low viscosity might be the limits of application of Propionibacterium freudenreichii in yogurt.

Abstract:In the present study, a solid-phase extraction ultra high performance liquid chromatographic(UHPLC)method was established for the analysis of maleic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic anhydride in starch and starch products. Starch samples were cleaned up by ProElut PWA mixed-mode weak anion exchanger SPE columns. Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 was used for chromatographic separation and the separation condition was 0.10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution and methanol (98∶2, V/V), detection wavelength 214nm, and flow rate 0.2mL·min-1.The average spiked recoveries were in the range of 83.81% and 108.03% with RSDs (n=8) less than 10% and the LOQs of maleic acid and fumaric acid were 0.25mg·kg-1. The method could satisfy with the requirement for the determination of maleic acid and fumaric acid in actual samples.

Abstract:A new type elderly milk was made by adding vitamin B₁, vitamin B₅, DHA, and choline, which could prevent Alzheimer. Different influencing factors were investigated through single factor tests and the optimized formula was obtained through the orthogonal experiments. The results indicated the optimal formula was:1.7mg/kg vitamin B₁,1mg/kg vitamin B₅,0mg/kg DHA, and 700mg/kg choline. In the product, the viable contents of vitamin B₁, vitamin B₅, DHA, and choline were 1.04,8.6,3, and 547mg/kg, respectively, which was benefit to brain health.

Abstract:Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strains were added to the SBR reactor and the sludge domestication containing advantage strains was cultivated. The operation cycle was optimized, which made strains having good biochemical, nitrification and denitrification performances. The simulation food fermentation wastewater, containing about 80mg/L CODCr, 85mg/L ammonia nitrogen, and 600mg/L total nitrogen, was treated by the SBR reactor. After treatment, the concentrations of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen were 56,0.65, and 14mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of CODCr was less than 20mg/L after the polyaluminium chloride coagulation precipitation. The concentrations of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen reached the urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard (GB 18918—2002), which is first A standard. The standard stated that the concentrations of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen in wastewater were less than 50,5, and 15mg/L, respectively.

Abstract:A method for the determination of aflatoxin B1,B2,G1,and G2 in corn by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with immunoaffinity column and photochemical derivatization was established. Samples were extracted, concentrated, and filtered purified by immunoaffinity column, and aflatoxin B1 and G1 were derivatived using photochemical derivatization unit after the HPLC separation. Then four aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detector. Results showed that the peak elution time of four aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were in the range of 6-11 minutes. Meanwhile, the detection limit of quantitation of four aflatoxins were 0.10,0.03,0.10,and 0.03μg/kg, which was above the limit of quantitation of AFTs in EU regulation, and the detection limit of quantitation of B1 and G1 enhanced to 2.7 times and 3.6 times. The recoveries of four aflatoxins were 90.3%,85.6%,93.5%,and 92.8% when the concentration of B1, B2, G1 and G2 were 10,3,10,3μg/L. The linearity range of B1,B2,G1,and G2 were 0-20,0-6,0-20,and 0-6μg/L, and relative standard deviation were 2.3%,1.5%,2.7%,and 3.2%. This method was accurately and sensitively to analysis four aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,G2 in corn.

Abstract:In order to fast and safely detect omethoate pesticide residues in Chinese cabbage, PdCl₂ dissolved in acetic acid was used as the colorimetric reagent to have colorimetric reaction with omethoate and the region of 300-1100nm was applied. The mixture of omethoate pesticide and Chinese cabbage juice was extracted using ethanol. The results of 60 samples with the concentration between 0.5mg/kg and 400mg/kg showed that shape of absorbance spectra was changed and a poor correlation between the absorbance and concentration was obtained when the concentration was higher than 50mg/kg. When the concentration was higher than 90mg/kg, a worse correlation between the absorbance and concentration was obtained. Three classification modeling was established by support vector machine (SVM). The classification accuracy of the validation set by 5-fold cross validation was up to 96.7742% when the absorbance data were normalized to [0,1] and radial basis function (RBF) was used as kernel function. This method provided a feasible method for rapid qualitative detection of omethoate concentration.