2014, 32(3):1-5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.001
Abstract:This paper reviewed the causes of food safety problems in China and the foodborne diseases caused by the microbial, chemical, and physical hazards of food. The main causes of food safety problems were illegal behaviors of operators, counterfeit, and imperfection of laws and management. Based on the situation of supervision and management of food safety in China, the main problems during supervision were analyzed. The overall design of food safety system was put forward to reinforce the food safety supervision in China.
2014, 32(3):6-9. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.002
Abstract:China's wine industry is in a period of rapid development, but also gradually exposed quality and safety problems. From the technical aspects of aging and bottling sectors, quality and safety issues that might arise were discussed and the appropriate measures were proposed to promote development of the industry.
HAN Shunyu , WANG Jing , MI Lan
2014, 32(3):10-13,31. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.003
Abstract:This paper presented safety problems and factors affecting the quality of wine during its import/export and shelf life preservation. Pesticide detection, management systems, and construction of laws and regulations of wine in domestic and overseas were compared. Special countermeasures and suggestions were put forward as well.
CHEN Shiheng , ZHANG Qing , SHI Xiaomei , YANG Yongtan , YU Weizu
2014, 32(3):14-22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.004
Abstract:A fast method was developed for determination of 52pesticides in grape wine by using DSPE and GC-MS. The samples were first extracted using acetonitrile with the addition of vibration and ultrasound. Then mix adsorbents were used in dispersive solid phase extraction to purify the extracts. After the high speed centrifugation, nitrogen flushing concentration, and filtration, the samples were detected by GC/MS using selective ion monitoring (SIM). Compared with traditional methods, QuEChERS had advantages in cost and pretreatment speed. The spiked recoveries at three levels of 52pesticides were in range of 60%-110% while the relative standard deviations (n=5) were all less 15%. Meanwhile, the limit of quantity (LOQ) were in the range of 0.0007-0.0323mg/kg. With features such as accuracy and easy operation, this method could be used to fast determination of 52pesticides in grape wine without any special apparatus and also satisfied the requirement of the pesticide routine analysis.
CHENG Jianjun , REN Weicong , WANG Shuai , ZHANG Zhiyu , ZHAO Weihua
2014, 32(3):23-31. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.005
Abstract:The effects of microwave irradiation (MWI) treatment, heating treatment by boiling water bath, ultrasound treatment, and high-pressure homogenization on the soluble protein of highly denatured defatted soy flakes were investigated. The results indicated that MWI treatment and heating treatment by boiling water bath improved the nitrogen solubility index (NSI) of the soy flakes. The optimal conditions of solubility were determined using an orthogonal design. The optimal conditions of the MWI treatment(700W)were 3% substrate at pH 8.0for 5min, resulting in the increasing NSI (70.39%). However, the NSI only increased to 63.96% with the same substrate concentration at 100℃ (boiling water bath) for 90min. The functional properties of protein for MWI treatment were better, and therefore MWI treatment should be considered as a better technology for the soy flakes processing.
LIU Ming , SUN Zhijian , YU Guoping , TAN Bin , WANG Liping , TIAN Xiaohong , WU Nana , LIU Yanxiang
2014, 32(3):32-37. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.006
Abstract:Corn instant porridge is a kind of instant main food made by the physical modification processing. The corn instant porridge was made using the extrusion transnature technology and the effects of processing technology on the quality of corn instant porridge were investigated. The results indicated that the processing parameters significantly affected the convenient instant porridge edible quality. The effects of the screw speed and feed rate on the quality were reduced after the first rise and the quality decreased with the increasing extrusion temperature. However, the quality increased with the increasing water content. The best quality was obtained under the condition of the screw speed 220r/min, cutting speed 2100r/min, extrusion temperature 110℃, feeding rate of 18kg/h, and water content of 33%. The basic rule was similar to the edible quality law after the testing of material curing time.
WANG Yousheng , TIAN Yuanyuan , CAI Qiwei
2014, 32(3):38-42. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.007
Abstract:The present study investigated the influences of the concentration of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone and insulin during the combined induction stage (first stage) and the corresponding induction time, the induction time and concentration of insulin during the differentiation stage (second stage) on 3T3-L1preadipocytes differentiation using L18(37) orthogonal experiment. Range analyses showed that the impacts of those factors on results were (from high to low):IBMX, induction time of the first stage, insulin concentration during the second stage, insulin concentration during the first stage, dexamethasone concentration and induction time of the second stage. Analysis of variance showed that IBMX played a highly significant influence on the process of 3T3-L1preadipocytes differentiation, and the influence of induction time of the first stage and insulin concentration during the second stage were significant. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the treatments of dexamethasone and insulin concentration.The optimal induction condition for differentiation of 3T3-L1preadipocytes was presented as following:500-750μmol/L IBMX, 0.25-1μmol/L dexamethasone, and 1μg/mL insulin for 72h, and then 5-10μg/mL insulin for 48h. The result of red oil O staining showed that the differentiation rate of 3T3-L1preadipocytes of the presented optimal condition was higher than that of the rest.
CUI Haiyang , CHENG Shiwei , HUANG Tianhong , LI Xiujuan , YANG Lihong , CHEN Guozhong
2014, 32(3):43-47,53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.008
Abstract:A cellulase-producing strain was isolated and identified and their enzymatic characters were analyzed. The selected strain straining with congo red was studied with the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence homology. Moreover, the effecting factors for the cellulase activity, such as optimal temperature, optimal pH, pH stability, and thermal stability and effects of metal ions were studied. Finally, the distribution of cellulase system was examined. The results indicated that the strain is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the optimal temperature and pH was 30℃ and pH 8.0. Higher stability of the cellulase was obtained at 10-60℃ and pH stability was better at pH 5-8. Mn2+ and Ba2+ were the activated factors for the enzyme. The activity of CMCase,FPcellulase and β-glucosidase were 307.23U/mL, 70.37U/mL, and 131.55U/mL, respectively, which had higher cellulase activity expect as avicelase (16.39U/mL). So the results suggested that the cellulase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens had potential applications in the feed additive.
ZHAO Lina , WANG Shaoyun , HUANG Yifan
2014, 32(3):48-53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.009
Abstract:Due to the maturity of the separation and extraction technology and the rise of the research and product development of milk source active peptides, many potential bioactive peptides were found from whey protein. This paper reviewed recent-years researches about whey protein bioactive peptides. The mechanisms of antioxidant activity, ACE inhibitory activity, and cholesterol-lowering activity were introduced. With the improvement of the research, function characteristic of whey protein bioactive peptides will be fully developed and utilized.
JIANG Xueping , CHEN Wenxuan , GAO Haiyan
2014, 32(3):54-58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.010
Abstract:The essential extractive of torreya grandis aril has a lot of bioactivities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and bacteriostatic action, which could be used in food and cosmetics. The resource of torreya grandis aril is rich but few studies focused on it. The chemical composition of torreya grandis aril and extraction methods, biological activities, and application prospects of essential oil were summarized.
LIU Hongmei , SHI Guangbo , LI Xiangdong , SUN Zhongtao
2014, 32(3):59-64. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.011
Abstract:With the DPPH radical scavenging ability and yield of peanut peptides as response values, the Box-Behnken experiments were carried out to optimize the production conditions of antioxidant peptides from peanut meal using compound enzymes. Results proved that alcalase and neutrase showed the highest hydrolysis ability compared with other commercial proteases. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were 50℃, pH 8.54, and substrate concentration 8.34% when alcalase and neutrase were adopted together with a ratio of 2to 1. When peanut meal was hydrolyzed for 16h under the optimal conditions, the yield of peanut peptides reached 65.80% and the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the peanut peptides solution with a concentration of 0.55mg/mL reached 25.77%, The yield and DPPH radical scavenging ability of peanut peptides obtained using compound enzymes were 7.48% and 7.66% higher than these of peptides obtained using alcalase and 10.29% and 22.53% higher than these of peptides obtained using neutrase.
SONG Wei , YANG Baichong , ZHAO Yongbiao , SONG Guixue
2014, 32(3):65-71. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.012
Abstract:Using the QuEChERS pretretment, a method was established to detect warfarin, coumatetralyl, brodifacoum, and flocoumafen in vegetables and fruits with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). Grounded and homogenized samples were extracted using acetonnitrile containing 1%(V/V) glacial acetic acid in Waters DisQue tubes and cleaned up. Components in the supernatant were separated by an UPLC BEH C18 column and eluted by methanol and 5mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.1% (V/V) formic acid solution with gradient elution. Analysis was accomplished by ESI-[M-H]- with a multiple reaction monitor (MRM) mode and external standard quantification. In order to eliminate matrix effect, DisQue purification tubes with additional PSA and GCB, were tested and discussed. The results showed that 5mg GCB had good effects. Moreover, warfarin and coumatetralyl were in a linear corelation with the range of 0.5-100μg/L and the detection of limits (LOD) was 0.25μg/kg. Brodifacoum and flocoumafen were in a linear correaltion with the range of 2-250μg/L and the LOD was 1.0μg/kg. Spiked recoveries at low, medium, and high concentration levels were in the range of 86%-128% with RSD of 2.4%-16%.
DONG Xiuping , GUAN Jiajia , XIANG Huiyu , ZHOU Xiaozhuang
2014, 32(3):72-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.013
Abstract:Metal rubber, which has a series of excellent properties, is combined with both metal and rubber’s characteristics. By means of VHX-600super field depth three-dimensional microscope and HPCA-2portable analyzer of contamination, the filtrating experiments about chocolate milk samples were carried out using metal rubber cylindrical filter elements with different structure parameters. The broken line graph about the chocolate milk’s pollution level before and after filtering was obtained through changing porosity, wire diameter, and thickness of the specimen shape. And the decrease of porosity and wire diameter as well as the increase of thickness could improve the filtering performance of materials, which was obtained through the horizontal and vertical comparison of the broken line graph.
2014, 32(3):77-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2014.03.014
Abstract:Based on a large sample of Chinese food enterprise survey data, this paper systematically explored the effect of the incentive factors for enterprises to participate in the HACCP certification system. Firstly, the relationship between the factors and the different elements was established by using the factor analysis. The results showed that the participation of enterprise was affected by multi-faceted impacts, such as the system, enterprise innovation, internal and external demands, third party certification, internal efficiency, external trade pressure, entrepreneurial spirit, and so on. Upon this basis, the clustering analysis was used to distinguish the factors contribution differences among different enterprises and the effects of factors on different food enterprises to participate in HACCP were different and had a regular variation.