WEI Yi-min , WEI Shuai , GUO Bo-li , TIAN Yang
2013, 31(2):1-6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.001
Abstract:Cadmium -Cd- , a kind of heavy metal pollutant, can enter the food chain though soil, dust, and crops. As a staple crop in China, rice can easily enrich Cd from soil, which can represent a health risk to consumers. Cd concentration in soil shows obvious heterogeneity in China. Cd concentration in rice is over the limit in some regions of China, due to the geological environment or soil pollution. At present, remedying polluted soil, screening low-accumulation material, and processing polluted rice have been developed to deal with Cd contamination. This paper summarized the present situation of cadmium contamination in rice and soil, analyzed the main factor of Cd enrichment in rice, reviewed the control technology of Cd contamination, and provided suggestions on Cd contamination research.
2013, 31(2):7-10. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.002
Abstract:The quality safety of aquatic products export has been greatly improved in China, but there are still some problems to be addressed due to differences in the laws, regulations, and standards with the importing countries. It was pointed out that the most important obstacle in exporting aquatic products is fishery drugs residue and microbial contamination based on the analysis of the quality safety problems. Finally, some suggestions were put forward including strengthening the technical supervision of quality safety in aquatic products export, improving the quality safety information platform, innovativeing quality safety traceability system of export aquatic products and improving quality management and detection capability, which provided references to ensure quality safety of aquatic products export.
2013, 31(2):11-14. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.003
Abstract:Malachite green was the most effective drug against Saprolegniasis which is a common fungal disease and shows serious hazard in aquaculture in the past, while it was listed as banned drugs in China in 2000 for its side effects of highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. However, the malachite green has factors of good anti-Saprolegnia effect, cheaper, being easy to get and lack of corresponding alternative drugs, so that privately using had occurred frequently and never stopped despite repeated prohibitions, which caused serious harm to the quality and safety of aquatic products. The drug "Mei Ting" developed by the Shanghai Ocean University shows good resistance efficacy to Saprolegnia and safety in the practice and application of many cities of China. It is of great significance to completely put an end to the use of malachite green as well as protect the quality and safety of aquatic products.
2013, 31(2):15-20. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.004
Abstract:Circulation links of aquatic products can be divided into five parts, such as production, processing, wholesaling, retailing, logistics, and warehousing. The food safety problem in a circulation link can come from upstream or this link, because of excessive pursuit of profits, honesty problems, supervision loopholes, and the market for lemons. Learning the advanced experience of foreign countries to supervise the quality safety of aquatic products, our country can get some suggestions, such as putting forward the focus of testing, honesty education, enhancing the punishment, and improving the traceability system.
ZHANG Tie-hua , JIANG Nan , ZHANG Xing , WANG Jun-bao , MA Lin , SONG Kai-yong , LIU Di-ru , GUO Ming-ruo
2013, 31(2):21-25. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.005
Abstract:Functional properties of polymerized whey protein after encapsulation of oils were studied. Results indicated that emulsion activity and emulsion stability of encapsulated fish oil were better than evening primrose oil -P<001-. The emulsion activities and emulsion stabilities of the encapsulated fish oil and evening primrose oil decreased during the storage. Fish oil emulsion decreased significantly for the first four days -P<005-, while the decrease of evening primrose oil emulsion was not significant -P>005-. The viscosity of fish oil was considerably lower than that of evening primrose oil with the average ratio being as low as 1657%. The viscosity increased in approximately linear model during the gelation progressing. Two kinds of gel in the range of shear rates set by the experiment exhibited shear-thinning pseudoplastic features. The hardness of fish oil gel was slightly -P>005- higher than that of evening primrose oil gel and the hardness of two kinds of gel increased slightly -P>005- during the storage.
LIU Meng , DU Ming , KONG Ying-ying , ZHANG Lan-wei
2013, 31(2):26-30. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.006
Abstract:Lactoferrin is a kind of key basic proteins in bovine milk, which has attracted more and more research attentions. In the present study, lactoferrin was isolated from fresh bovine milk by defatting and casein-removing treatments, subsequently purified by SP Sepharose Big Bead ion exchange chromatography, Superdex 200 gel chromatography, and ultrafiltration The purified form of lactoferrin was obtained with the purity of 9471%. The denaturation temperature of lactoferrin was determined to be 731℃ by differential scanning calorimetry. Circular dichroism studies on the influence of heat treatment -63℃ 30min, 72~75℃ 20s, 85℃ 10min, 95℃ 10min- on the secondary structure of lactoferrin showed that,the α-helix conformation of lactoferrin was gradually transformed to β-sheet conformation with the increase of the treatment temperature, indicating that the protein molecules became better ordered and more compact with significantly increased trends of protein denaturation.
WANG Jing , WANG Chang-lu , CHEN Mian-hua , YANG Hua , LI Su-zhen , WANG Yu-rong , LI Zhen-jing
2013, 31(2):31-36. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.007
Abstract:The production of Monascus M1 metabolites with rice and brown rice was compared. The antiproliferation effect of Monacolin K -MK- , the ethanol extracts of fermentation product of red yeast brown rice -MBR- and rice -MR- on S180 ascitic tumor cell in vitro was studied with the MTT colorimetric method. It showed that the acid form MK was presented in MBR, and the total output of MK was higher -30%- than that of MR. The content of GABA was 298mg/g in MBR, which was 21-fold higher than that in MR. While the yield of citrinin was lower in MBR. MK alone, ethanol extracts from MR and MBR were all active in inhibiting S180 ascitic tumor cell growth. In a certain range of MK concentration -3~50μg/mL-, the capacity of antiproliferation increased gradually with the increase of the concentration. When the concentration of MK was equal, the inhibition effect of MBR and MR was significantly stronger than MK alone -p<001- .
AI Yu-chun , WANG Wei , LI Peng-xia , HU Hua-li , WANG Yu-ning
2013, 31(2):37-42. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.008
Abstract:This study evaluated the storage effect of‘Ningzi No.1’and ‘Ning xuan No.1’sweet potato during 100 days. The purpose of the research was to find a appropriate storage parameter and analyze the variation of nutrition and physiology of sweet potato. The sweet potato treated with Sportak dipping -250mg·L-1- was placed at 7℃ at storage, and the sweet patato stored at room temperature was taken as control -ck-. The periodic detection of physical and chemical indicators was done. The results showed that the Sportak dipping treatment at 7℃ could low the rot rate effectively, reduce the losses of soluble proteint, total soluble sugars and total flavonoids. In addition, the α-amylase activities of two sweet potato were higher than β-amylase activities during storage. The Sportak dipping treatment at 7℃ can improve the storage quality of sweet potato, which could be applied in practice.
GONG Zhi-qing , CHEN Xiang-yan , CHENG An-wei , SHI Xian-quan , WANG Wen-liang
2013, 31(2):43-46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.009
Abstract:Bayberry powder is easy to cake leading to the bad quality during the processing and storage. In order to avoid and lighten caking, the followed experiments were carried out, such as the correlation between water activity and glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry -DSC- and the effects of temperature and relative humidity on caking of bayberry powder. Glass transition temperature of bayberry powder had linear correlation with the water activity, Tg= 45758-1688 aw -R2=08631-. The appropriate processing temperature and relative humidity of bayberry powder should be lower than 25℃ and 22%, respectively. Collapse, stikiness, and caking were the three steps of bayberry powder caking.
LIU Xiao-ying , LIU Guang-rong , ZHU Chen-yu , HE Cong-fen , ZHU Jun
2013, 31(2):47-51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.010
Abstract:In this study, the weight loss efficacy and security of Momordica charantia extracts was investigated.By the experiment of percutaneous absorption, promoting lipolysis and inhibiting fatty acid synthase, the weight loss efficacy of Momordica charantia extracts were evaluated; By red blood cell hemolysis test, chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane experiment and patch test, the security of Momordica charantia extracts were evaluated. The results showed that, Momordica charantia extracts has the efficiency of weight reduction, and has no stimulation at low concentration -lower than 100mg/mL-, thus,it can be used as a kind of topical additive with weight-loss efficacy.
YANG Fang , WANG Tie-dan , LI Qing , ZHOU Rong-feng , XU Can , DU Ping
2013, 31(2):52-57. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.011
Abstract:Pretreatment of raw materials was improved on the basis of the traditional chicken jerky production process. Fruits, vegetables, and oats were added to the chicken jerky and the optimal amount of fruits, vegetables, and oats was studied. The baking process of the compound chicken jerky was optimized by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that pretreatment of raw materials was completed using slicing and chopping, and the best ratio of chicken piece and chicken meat emulsion was 5∶5. The additions of pomace, oats and juice were 10%, 14% and 8% respectively. Marinated raw materials were baked at 65℃ for 120min after baking at 85℃ for 25min, and at last, it was heated in 130℃ for 5min so that the product could obtain the smug look, the fragrance, the taste and the good shape.
2013, 31(2):58-61. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.012
Abstract:A method for the determination of tartrazine, amaranth, ponceau, and sunset yellow in wines by high performance liquid chromatography -HPLC- was established. The separation was achieved on a ODS-C18 column by a gradient elution with methanol and 002mol/L aqueous ammonium acetate as mobile phase. The flow speed of the mobile phase was 08mL/min and the determination was conducted at 470nm through a UV detector. The average recovery of the method of real samples was more than 95%, and the RSD was less than 3%. Therefore, the method is suitable for the experiment.
DONG Zhen-jun , MA Qian-ran , LIU Yang , WANG Ping
2013, 31(2):62-66. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.013
Abstract:The impact of ultrasonic on the aerobic biochemical degradation efficiency of refractory organic wastewater and sludge reduction was studied through dealing with the sewage and sludge which were from a vitamin C manufacturing factory using the special high -power ultrasonic generator. The results showed that:high power and long ultrasonic treatment time to the contact oxidation tank inlet sewage could remove 56% of the COD, and increase B / C ratio from 013 to 022. The ultrasonic treatment to the Plug flow aeration tank inlet sewage could remove 33% of COD and B/C ratio was more than doubled -from 011 to 023- . Furthermore, ultrasound treatment could reduce settling volume of the second settling ponds after contacting the oxidation tank, and promote some material, which is easily degradated in the residual sludge of sludge well, to transfer from solid to liquid to achieve the purpose of sludge reduction.
SUN Mei , FU Yan , XU Ran-ran , ZHAO Yong , CHEN Xing-hai
2013, 31(2):67-71. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.014
Abstract:Image cubes containing continuous spectral waveband information, in which the image information could be used for external attribute inspection while the spectral information could be applied to the internal attribute inspection, could be obtained by implementing hyperspectral image technology which combines the advantages of computer vision and spectroscopy. As a result, fruit classification based on both internal and external quality attributes could be achieved. Applications of hyperspectral images to the inspection of bruises, feces or earth contamination, maturity, firmness, SSC -Soluble Solid Content- and other parameters of fruits were reviewed. The hyperspectral imaging technology was proposed to detect the subtle bruises on apples in this paper. The apples’hyperspectral images between 500nm and 900nm wavelength were analyzed via the principal components analysis, and the feature images under 547nm wavelength were selected to detect the bruises on apples.
HUO Liang-sheng , MENG Wei , GU Zu-bao
2013, 31(2):72-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.015
Abstract:The operating principle of laboratory automatic analyzer of ammonia-nitrogen was confirmed by analysing various ammonia-nitrogen detection methods. Hardware and circuits of every control part were designed and the program of the control system was written. At last, the performance of the apparatus was examined by the stability test and repeatability test, and so on.
LUO Lan , AN Yu-fa , GU Chuan , LI Yang
2013, 31(2):77-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2013.02.016
Abstract:This article employed qualitative analysis and statistical descriptive methods to 3484 food safety cases occurred in 2001-2011, taking into consideration of the types of foods involved, the supply chains risking emerged, the essential reasons of the risks formed, and the main responsibilities for the risks as a starting point. Conclusion was drawn that the key points of the sources of risk for Chinese food safety were meat products, deep-processing aspects, improper usage of elements, and individual producers and operators. In response to the mentioned key points, we propose that the government should strictly regulate the use of elements in food industry, strengthen the supervision of individual producers and operators, enhance the management and control deep-processing aspects, and increase the supervision on food of high risks.