Abstract:Main compounds of the herbs have the characteristics of low activity and are hard to be absorbed by bodies.To obtain more active and easy-absorbing natural products, the new microorganisms and special-new-enzymes relating natural product biotransformation were developed. Using the new enzymes and microorganisms, the new more-active and easy-absorbing natural products, and new kinds of herbs containing higher-active-compounds were developed.

Abstract:Olfaction visualization technology is a gas imaging technology and a new branch of artificial olfactory technology, which can solve common problems of traditional gas sensor. In order to detect the dominant spoilage bacteria (Clostridium, Brochothix thermosphacta and Pseudomonas) and evaluate freshness of pork, porphyrins and pH indicators were used as gas-sensing materials. The three spoilage bacteria were inoculated into three groups of pork samples and stored under three temperatures (16,4℃and 20℃). The images before and after the colorimetric sensor array interacted with pork's volatile flavors were collected, then image processing techniques was used to get digital signals which reflected the freshness of pork. The results showed that the olfaction visualization technology can be applied in rapid detection of dominant spoilage bacteria and evaluation freshness of pork.

Abstract:In this paper, the factors influencing quality and safety of animal origin products were stated at length from the feeding level of livestock and poultry. On the basis of the analysis about the influencing factors, recommendations and countermeasures were put forward accordingly for resolving the problems of the quality and safety of animal origin products at the feeding level.

Abstract:The safety problems existed in marketing, transportation and slaughtering of animal and poultry were discussed in this paper. The relevant laws, regulations and the practical application of monitoring method were introduced, and the suggestions were put forward to strengthen safety supervisoin of animal products in marketing, transportation and slaughtering of animal and poultry.

Abstract:Mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines -HAAs- have been found in livestock and poultry products. IQ-type HAAs are formed by heat- induced non enzymatic browning, known as Maillard reaction which involves creatine, amino acid and sugars. Whereas amino-carbolines are mainly formed by pyrolysis of amino acids and proteins at the temperature above 300℃. It is shown that the increase of processing temperature and prolong processing time can result in a dramatic increase in the amount of HAAs. Some natural plant extracts and antioxidants were found to be promising inhibitors to HAAs. In this paper, the structures, classification, content of HAAs as well as the influencing factors are introduced, the formation and inhibition of HAAs are emphasized.

Abstract:In recent years, the security problems of meat and poultry were exposed constantly in the media. The inappropriate use of clenbuterols, antibiotics and hormones in the livestock and poultry farming reduced the security of meat and poultry greatly. The quality problems of meat products exist in every link of the whole industry chain, including cultivation, butcher, circulation and the dining consumption. These problems are caused by the deterioration of the domestic competitive environment, the excessive pursuit of profit, the high-density and low-cost farming, the slack supervision and light punishment. In this article, it was emphasized to master the security of meat and poultry from the dining and import link.

Abstract:β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase -β-Hexcase-, produced by a wide variety of bacteria, plants and animals, behaves like typical exo-enzymes, catalyzing the cleavage of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-β-hexosamine residues with important physiological roles in cell wall recycling. The β-hexcase sequence of relevant strains genetically close to Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LJJ was selected, and degenerate primers were designed using online ICODEHOP and CODEHOP software. A pair of degenerate primers named hex1-f and hex1-r was chosen for PCR with the LJJ genome DNA as a template. A 614 bp PCR product was obtained, and was transformed into E. coli DH5α using pGEM-T vector and sequenced after extraction of plasmids. Similarity alignment showed that the sequence of the cloned DNA was similar to those of known β-hexcase gene from other bacterial strains. Therefore, the cloned sequence was confirmed to be the putative β-hexcase gene fragment from LJJ strain. The results obtained in this study would provide basis for studying roles of β-Hexcase in cell wall lysis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains.

Abstract:Variation law of the regular nutritional ingredients in yak colostrum with different parities and lactation days was studied. The results showed that in the first parity the protein content was lower than the other parities with no significant difference -p＞005-; the dry matter's content was lower than the other parities with slight difference except the first and fourth day; the lactose content was higher than the other parities with no significant difference -p＞005-. The fat content in the first and fifth parity was lower with no significant difference -p＞005-. The ash content in all the parities was almost at the same level -p＞005-. The contents of protein, fat, dry matter and ash were the highest in the first day of lactation, and tended to decrease with the lactation days. Instead, the lactose content was the lowest in the first day, and increased gradually in the following days. Understanding the variation law of the regular nutritional ingredients in yak colostrum would help explore more the milking performance, and provide theoretical basis for developing yak colostrum products.

Abstract:A high performance liquid chromatographic -HPLC- method was developed for determining thiocyanate in milk. HPLC analysis was performed on a Dionex IonPac AS19 -4mm×250mm- anionic chromatography column with DAD detector, 005mol/L Na2HPO4 solution was used as mobile phase -pH 93- at a flow rate of 08mL/min, sample loading amount was 10μL, and detection wavelength was 218nm. The method exhibited a limit of detection of 05μg/mL and a linear range of 5-100μg/mL. Spike recoveries of thiocyanate in milk powder and liquid milk at two levels ranged from 671%-1018%, with RSDs -n=3- less than 44%.

Abstract:By comparing the energy metabolism differences between the cell growth phase and curdlan production phase, especially the differences in energy dissipation, the metabolic pathways of curdlan biosynthesis in Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 was constructed. The differences in energy metabolism and its influencing factors were investigated. By using molecular biology techniques and bioinformatics tools, the electron respiratory chains in Agrobacterium sp. were constructed. A novel bioprocess involving high-density cell growth and high-productivity curdlan production was developed. Low C/N nutrition condition in the first fermenter was suitable for rapid cell growth. The cells in the first fermenter were diluted into the second fermenter to stimulate high productivity of curdlan under high C/N nutritional condition. A novel bioreactor for high viscous fermentation in industrial scale was developed. The mass transfer, mixing, and rheological behavior characteristics in gellan solution were investigated. A novel bioreactor was scaled up to 50m3 and was applied to gellan fermentation in commercial bioprocess.

Abstract:Blue light can regulate the secondary metabolites and sporogony in Monascus, however, the mechanism is still unclear. Aminophylline is a kind of inducer of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclization monophosphate -cAMP- intracellular. To study the role of cAMP on the sporulation and citrinin production by blue light induced Monascus, citrinin production and number of spores in fermentation broth were detected after aminophylline added into the culture medium. When the content of aminophylline reached 10mmol/L, citrinin production and the number of conidium increased by 190 and 297 times, respectively. When the concentration of aminophylline got to 15mmol/L, the number of ascospores increased by 284 times. This result corresponds to the changes of citrinin production and sporulation in Monascus affected by blue light. It is presumed that blue light affects the spore production and metabolic regulation of citrinin in Monascus is possibly via the cAMP signaling pathway.

Abstract:The hemp oil was extracted from the hemp kernels by gradient supercritical carbon dioxide and analyzed using national standard method. The result showed that the fatty acid compositions of hemp oil were different at every stage when using three-step gradient supercritical carbon dioxide. As the extraction pressure and temperature rised, certain trace fatty acids were extracted , namely C20:3n6, C22:0, and C24:0. The tocopherol isomer of hemp oil was mainly -β+γ-- tocopherol. Tocopherol was concentrated by the former two extraction step during the three-step gradient supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Abstract:The sheep waist was chosen as raw material for grease extraction in this paper. The effect of different solvents,and temperature on extraction of grease and conjugated linoleic acid-CLA- was studied. The results showed that hexane was the best solvent for extraction in comparison with petroleum ether, cyclohexane and ethyl alcohol. The optimum extraction conditions were determined by the orthogonal test as follows: temperature of 60℃, time of 4h, and V-liquid-∶m-solid-=8L/kg. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rate of grease was 8872% and the content of CLA was 631mg/g. The content of CLA in grease decreased with the increasing temperature while increased slightly at 130℃.

Abstract:Potato starch industry, one of the most important direction of potato processing, can produce potato pulps of high moisture which are easily perishable but contain some useful components. Primary means and related technologies of comprehensive utilization of potato pulps were introduced in this paper with an emphasis on high efficient utilization of potato pulps as a whole.

Abstract:In this paper, eight strains of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifying bacteria were cultivated in simulated food wastewater, in order to study the degradation characteristics of eight strains. In this experiment, eight strains were cultivated in simulated food wastewater, with sodium succinate as carbon source, ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate as phosphorus source, and OD600, COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP were detected every 24 hours. The results showed that eight strains of bacteria grew well in simulated food wastewater and have good biochemical and denitrify ability. In the initial water with COD of 2310mg/L and TN of 87mg/L, the highest removal rate of COD and TN can reach 972% and 892% respectively, but phosphorus removal effect was not obvious. It indicated that this eight strains could degrade COD and TN in low consumption of phosphorus source, and they were suitable for processing food wastewater of high N/P without supplement phosphorus source.

Abstract:Using Pro/E -Pro/Engineer wildfire 50- as a design tool, the new mixer/pulverizer were designed combining the vacuum technology and grinding technology. The main structure parameters were obtained by careful calculation.

Abstract:Study on toxin contamination in the food based on risk analysis has public health significance. These natural toxins cause a great threat to human health because of their carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic characteristics. On the basis of the natural toxins and their hazards analysis of food, risk analysis methods was used to assess the hazards, in order to put forward suggestions for pollution prevention and control of natural toxins in food.