2010, 28(3):1-5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.001
Abstract:The current situation of light and food industry in China was reviewed in this paper. The economic environment at home and broad affecting the development of light and food industry was analyzed in detail. The problems were posed such as low capability of conversion and appreciation, low-level technology of the overall industry, low level of equipment, small scale of enterprise, and low industry concentration. The measures to solve the problems were put forward that implementing technology of energy-saving and exhaust-reducing, achieving the efficient and high-value utilization of the bioresources, emphasizing the education of scientific talent, and enlarging the input of the talent education of light and food industry.
CAO Xue-li , WANG Wei , PEI Hai-ru
2010, 28(3):6-11. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.002
Abstract:Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a high performance liquid-liquid chromatography without solid support, so it is of unique advantages over traditional liquid-solid chromatography. In addition to a brief introduction of CCC separation mechanism, CCC application in separation of functional food ingredients, natural pigments, flavors and fragrances, preparation of standard sample, sample pretreatment of food analysis were reviewed in this paper. Problems and future development of CCC were also discussed.
WANG Cheng-tao , SUN Bao-guo , CAO Yan-ping , WANG Jing , ZHANG Hui
2010, 28(3):12-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.003
Abstract:A new method was described for simultaneous determination of Z. mobilis metabolites by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The samples were analyzed on a C18 column (Waters SunFireTM C18, Φ 416mm×150mm, 5μm), and the mobile phase was 10mmol/L pH2.5 KH2PO4 solution with a flow rate of 0.8mL/min. Under this optimized condition gluconate, pyruvate, lactic acid and acetic acid were completely separated and determined with a photodiode array detector (PAD). The IC-PakTM on-Exclusion column(50A ,7μm,7.8mm×300mm) were used and the mobile phase was 10mmol/L sulfuric acid solution with flow rate of 0.6mL/min. Glucose, sorbitol, succinic acid, acetic acid and ethanol were simultaneously determined by refractive index detector(RID). The standard deviation values and the average recovery rates were in the range of 0.005%-0.018%, 96.86%-101.99%, respectively.
FENG Jun , CHEN Hai-tao , HUANG Ming-quan , ZHENG Fu-ping
2010, 28(3):17-22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.004
Abstract:Volatiles in the Pixian Pea Sauces from two different factories were extracted with a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicated that there were some differences in the number of volatiles among the two products, with Chuan-Hua pea sauce 86, Dan-Dan pea sauce 78. For the two pea sauce, the most volatiles both were the esters, then alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and so on. The main components were 3-hydroxyl-2-butanol, 2-furanmethanol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol, 3-methylbutanal, furfural, benzeneacetaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexadecanoate, linoleic acid ethyl ester, ethyl octadecanoate, 4-ethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and so on.
YI Ke-chuan , YUE Peng-xiang , LI Hui
2010, 28(3):23-26. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.005
Abstract:The filtration processes of ceramic membrane and ultrafiltration membrane were optimized using solids yield and Gypenosides content as the indicator. The results showed that the effect of removing suspended solids and the macromolecular impurities from the extract was better using ceramic membrane with pore size of 0.5μm under the filtration pressure of 0.24MPa and at 40℃. The effect of removing small molecular impurities and withholding gypenosides was better using ultrafiltration membrane with withheld molecular weight of 3×104 under the operating pressure of 0.8MPa and at 40℃. Membrane separation technique is a simple and reliable technique, and can be used to separate and purify gypenosides effectively.
ZHAO Hua , ZHANG Hui-ming , DONG Yin-mao , DU Xiao-wei , HE Cong-fen , PI Nan
2010, 28(3):27-31. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.006
Abstract:The article aim was to study the maximum extraction conditions of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba by water. With dried Ginkgo biloba powder as material and water as solvent, by using response surface methodology, the effects of extracting temperature, extracting time and ratio of material to solvent were studied, and then the regression model was established to study the extracting condition. The result of fractional factorial design indicated that extracting time and ratio of material to solvent played important roles in flavonoids extracting. The regression model of extraction rate(Y1) to ethanol concentration(X2) and ratio of material to solvent(X3) was Y1 = 6.423667 + 0.161*X1 + 0.68425*X2-0.52375*X3-0.660083*X1*X1+0.1745*X1*X2 - 0.6575*X1*X3 - 0.534583*X2*X2-0.0135*X2*X3-1.527583*X3*X3, and the optimum conditions were ratio of material to solvent 1∶13.76, time 3.70h, and temperature 93.37℃. The maximum extraction rate predicted by the model was 6.754%. Final results show that response surface methodology was a good method for optimizing extraction conditions of flavonoids.
HU Bo , CHEN Xiang-nan , LIANG Jin-zhong
2010, 28(3):32-37. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.007
Abstract:The culture medium of Lactobacillus. rhamnosus L7-13 was optimized by the single-factor test and orthogonal test using the absorbance and viable count of the fermentation broth. The optimal culture medium was as follow: 15g/L yeast extract, 28g/L beef extract, 65g/L glucose, 30g/L soy peptone, 3g/L KH2PO4, 3g/L anhydrous sodium acetate, 2g/L ammonium citrate, 1.5mL/L Tween80, 1.0g/L MgSO4?7H2O, and 0.5g/L MnSO4?4H2O. The cell concentration of Lactobacillus. rhamnosus L7-13 strain can reach 1010 cfu / mL using the optimal culture medium. The results show that this media was suitable for the growth and reproduction of Lactobacillus. rhamnosus L7-13 strain.
YANG Shui-jin , HUANG Yong-kui , BAI Ai-min , YANG Yun , SUN Ju-tang
2010, 28(3):38-43. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.008
Abstract:SO2-4/TiO2-La2O3, a novel solid superacid,was prepared and its catalytic activities at different synthetic conditions were analyzed with esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol as probing reaction. The optimum conditions were as follow: mole ratio of n(La3+)∶n(Ti4+) of 1∶34, the soaked consistency of H2SO4 of 0.8mol?L-1, the soaked time of H2SO4 of 24h, the calcining temperature of 480℃, the calcining time of 3h. The catalyzer prepared under the optimal conditions was applied in the catalytic synthesis of ten important ketals and acetals as catalyst and exhibited high catalytic activity. The yields of ketals and acetals can reach 41.4%~95.8% when the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol is 1∶1.5, the mass ratio of the catalyst used in the reactants is 0.5%, and the reaction time is 1.0h.
2010, 28(3):44-47. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.009
Abstract:The antioxidants were extracted from the peels of Citrus sinensis, Citrus grandis and Citrus reticulata. Their capacity of scanvenging DPPH free radical and inhibiting hydroxyl free radical was analyzed. The extraction and storage conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The results indicated that the extracts from Citrus reticulata peel using 20 time volume of 70% ethanol at pH 3, and keeping at 25℃ have the highest antioxidant activity.
CHEN Xiao-yan , WANG You-sheng , LI Li-ping , HU Ling , WANG Gui-xi
2010, 28(3):48-54. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.010
Abstract:Changes of volatile compounds in "Okubao" peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. "Okubao" ) during postharvest storage at 8℃ were investigated using SPME-GC/MS. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to these complex GC/MS data of volatile compounds to facilitate differentiation and determine the biomarkers. A total of 26 volatile compounds were identified, and the major constituents were esters, aromatics, aldehydes, lactones and acetals. 1-MCP treatment significantly delayed the release of aldehydes and lactones whereas promoted the production of alcohol significantly during the late period of storage. PCA showed that 2,2-diisopropyl-1,3-dioxolaneandbenzene,1,1′-(1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis- was the volatile biomarker compound at 3d whereas ethanol, acetone, cyanoacetic acid at 16d and 20d.
YIN Ming-rui , WANG Ping , LIU Jian-nan , WANG Lei , JIU Wei-jing
2010, 28(3):55-59. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.011
Abstract:Multiple microorganisms F1 with higher efficiency were constructed with five strains which had good performance of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. The characteristics of multiple microorganisms F1 built by two-two combinations is better than a single strain. The effect of salinity on the removal rates of ammonia of multiple microorganisms F1 was studied. Multiple microorganisms F1 could grow at the salinity of 2% or 3.5%. The maximum removal rates of ammonia and TN were over 80% at 48, 84, 96h with the salinity of 0%, 2.0%, and 3.5%. It is worth mentioning that the maximum removal rates of ammonia and TN were over 94% at the salinity of 2%. The results indicated that multiple microorganisms F1 could deal with monosodium glutamate wastewater and had a great practical value .
WANG Xiao-yi , LIU Meng , LIU Zai-wen , SU Zhen , LIAN Xiao-feng
2010, 28(3):60-63. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.012
Abstract:In order to overcome the shortcomings of the nonlinear, time-delay and time-varying problems in sewage disposal system based on biological fluidized bed (BFB), T-S model fuzzy control system is proposed and the nonlinear system has been fuzzified into local linera model. Then reduce the dimension of fuzzy controller and simplify the rules by introducing an integral unit. Finally, the method is verified by experiments. Experimental results show that the method is feasible and effective.
2010, 28(3):64-67. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.013
Abstract:The current soybean production equipments can not fulfill the practical requirements for the limited process scale and unsatisfied sanitation conditions. Two current equipments' operational principle and characteristics were compared and analyzed in details and corresponding improving measures was put forward. The quantitative filling machine was designed and developed on this basis. The key parts, such as charging bucket, feeding bucket and valve were modeled by 3D modeling software Pro/ENGINEER and assembled virtually as well. Dynamic simulation analysis software, ADAMS, is used to make the kinematics analysis and the feasibility of the machine is validated. This paper provides necessary technical support for the mechanization and robotization of soybean production industry.
ZHANG Chun-zhi , JIA Jin-lin , PAN Zhi-qiang , WANG Jin-fang
2010, 28(3):68-71. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.014
Abstract:The constant pressure filtration constant K and qe, and cake compression index s and material constants k were measured under different filtration pressure ranging from 0.05MPa to 0.2MPa of plate and frame type filter with calcium carbonate as raw material. The effect of raw materials concentration, raw material temperature, filtration area, filtration pressure on the constant pressure filtration constant was studied. The results showed that the same concentration, pressure, under different filter area, filter constant increases with the filter area; the same filter area, pressure, different concentrations, filter with the filter constant concentration decreases; and reach the corresponding determination and data processing programs.
2010, 28(3):72-77. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.015
Abstract:By reviewing the research background and status of quality safe of Chinese agricultural products, it is found that deep crossover research on quality safe of China's agricultural products is very rare. The article pointed out that for such a typical complex issues as quality safe of agricultural products, it’s necessary not only to expand interdisciplinary research, but also to achieve cooperation closely for academic circles, political circles and industry.
XIAO Wen-feng , YE Kai , A Dili·Ba Siti , CHEN Xiao , ZHAO Xiao-mei
2010, 28(3):78-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6002.2010.03.016
Abstract:Agri-food Quality & Safety is directly related not only to the people's live, but also to the health and safety, and has received more and more attention. In this review, the development of Xinjiang's Agri-food Quality & Safety was reviewed, and the countermeasures were put forward; for instance, consummating the supervision and management law system of Agri-food Quality & Safety, speeding up the construction of agriculture standard system, and initiating the Agri-food Quality & Safety inspection according to law.