This study based on the preliminary results of the targeted metabonomics in Monascus purpureus，adding arginine, L-malic acid, D-glucose, niacinamide, α-oxoglutaric acid, phenylalanine, lysine, thiamine pyrophosphate，flavin mononucleotide and L-lactic acid as differential metabolites on the basis of the original nutrients, respectively. The yields of Monascus pigment and Monacolin K in 8th and 15th days were detected. The results showed that the addition of arginine, phenylalanine, lysine and flavin mononucleotide had the function of promotion on Monacolin K. It is speculated that the addition of amino acids could promote the yield of Monacolin K. Among them, the Monacolin K yield was 2.3 to 3.7 times higher than that of the control group when the addition of arginine. Different concentrations of niacinamide had different effects on Monacolin K. The lower had a simulative effect, while higher showed an inhibitory effect. Lysine, phenylalanine and flavin mononucleotide had a better effect on the enhancement of Monascus pigment, and flavin mononucleotide increased the yield by 1.5~3.0 times.