Yersinia enterocolitica is an important psychrophilic pathogenic bacterium in the intestines. There are more than 60 serotypes in the world. The serotypes of the pathogenic strains are the bioserovars 3/O:3 and 2/O:9 type in China. Y. enterocolitica has six biotypes including 1A, 1B, 2,3, 4, and 5. Five biotypes among them have been identified being pathogenic and type 1B is high pathogenic. Meanwhile, type 1A has potential pathogenicity. The virulence factors are mainly ail, ystA, ystB, yadA, and virF, which are usually used to determine Y.enterocolitica pathogenicity. Y enterocolitica is resistant to penicillins and first generation cephalosporins naturally, and has different resistant rates to other antimicrobial agents and many strains with multiple drug resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive elements sequence (REP/ERIC)-PCR, multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and so on are the most frequently used methods for Y. enterocolitica molecular typing nowadays. ERIC-PCR typing has easy operation and high polymorphism, which will also play a good role in the molecular typing of Y. enterocolitica.